Archaic Period
The last settlement on the mound was in the Archaic Period. The remains of this period, dated to the end of the 7th century BC and the first half of the 6th century BC, were found in two phases.
During the excavations in the north of the mound, two rooms (M-1, M-7) in the northeast-southwest direction belonging to the I.1b phase of the Archaic Period, a street between these rooms and ruins in the northeast of the rooms were unearthed. The entrance of the better preserved room M-1 is located in the south. Only the eastern part of M-7 has been exposed so far. As a result of the earthquake at the end of the early phase, the walls of the rooms sloped into the buildings and a large part of the eastern wall of room M-7 collapsed into the room.
The excavations inside the buildings yielded very few finds, while the excavations in the streets between the buildings yielded a large number of ceramic vessels and a smaller number of other finds. These findings indicate that the inhabitants of the settlement entered the buildings after the earthquake and took the items that could be used and threw the unusable items into the streets between the buildings. The ceramic sherds unearthed in the two rooms and streets are very important in terms of dating the early phase of the settlement in the Archaic Period. The sherds include jars belonging to the Black on Red Pottery and Red Bichrome Pottery groups, bowls, dinos and jars belonging to the White Bichrome Pottery group, bowls and jars from the Monochrome Pottery group, and closed and open vessels belonging to the Lydian Streaked Ware and Marbling Ware groups. Among the small finds are terracotta figurines, spindle whorls and weights; basalt stones, accentuators and grinding stones.
In Phase I.1a, the post-earthquake phase that ended Phase I.1b, new arrangements were made in the settlement. In this phase, the level of the street was raised due to the stones belonging to the walls collapsed during the earthquake and the objects thrown into the street after the earthquake. In connection with this, the entrance of M-1 was built up to the new street level, the interior of the space was filled with stones and its level was raised and the space continued to be used. Room M-7, which was damaged to a greater extent, was not repaired in the late phase and the area where the building was located was organized as an open area. The small amount of ceramics belonging to this phase is a continuation of I.1b. Small finds consist of flint sickle blades, terracotta weights, bronze saw, fibula and brass ring.
Northeastern slope of Çaltılar Höyük, Late Chalcolithic Period V.1 architectural layer
The north of the hill plain of Çaltılar Höyük, Archaic Period remains
Pottery found in architectural layer I.1b.
Pottery found in architectural layer I.1b.
Sherds of the same jar found architectural layer I.1b
Sherds of the same jar found architectural layer I.1b
Sherds of the same jar found architectural layer I.1b
Sherds of the same jar found architectural layer I.1b
Sherds of dinos type vessels found in architectural layer I.1b.
Footed bowl found in architectural layer I.1b.
Bull figurine found in architectural layer I.1b.
During the excavations in the south of the hill plain of the mound, a stone paved road extending in the northwest-southeast direction belonging to the early phase of the Archaic Period settlement was unearthed along with ruined stones and a deteriorated stone pavement in the same direction as the road. It is certain that the demolished stones and the stone pavement belong to a building located in this section in the early phase. This structure must have collapsed during the early phase earthquake. A small amount of sherds belonging to the Black on Red Pottery, Red Bichrome Pottery and White Bichrome Pottery groups; bronze ornamental pins and sewing needles; terracotta weights and pendants were recovered along with these remains. After the earthquake in the early phase; the road continued to be used and a northwest-southeast oriented room (M-6) was built to the north of the road. It was found that this room was not used for a long time and was destroyed by an earthquake. Very few finds from the late phase, which seems to have been short-lived, were excavated.
The south of the hill plain of Çaltılar Höyük, remains of the Archaic Period